The Origins of Hip Hop free essay sample

The Evolution of Hip-Hop and Transformation of Rap Music Hip-bounce, not to be mistaken for the melodic type, is a type of melodic show and imaginative culture that has stayed mainstream since its development during the 1970s. It very well may be sorted as a social development that incorporates four essential components: Disk maneuvering (DJing), rapping (emceeing), break moving, and spray painting craftsmanship. It brought forth another melodic type known as â€Å"rap,† a cadenced style where verses are spoken or recited. In the course of the most recent three decades, rap music has worked up more passionate open discussion than some other kind because of its effect on the young. First and foremost, rappers utilized their music as analysis on social, social, and policy driven issues in American contemporary society, however today, the class has developed into a type of music that principally centers around manliness, wrongdoing, and brutality. This paper investigates the improvement of hip-jump culture and essentially centers around the change of rap music from social analysis to the abuse of the negative parts of downtown life and its impact on our way of life and youth today. Recognizing the starting points of hip-jump culture Is basic in understanding the relapse of the development and the effect it has had on the world and its childhood in the course of recent decades. Hip-jump started in networks inside the Bronx that comprised of African Americans, Puerco Ricans, and Caribbean Americans, and it Included explicit styles of visual craftsmanship, move, dress, music, and discourse. The way of life concentrated on territories that were most financially upset because of government spending cuts that caused a diminishing In low-pay lodging and open administrations for downtown inhabitants (Starr and Waterman 382).Three significant conditions and occasions are said to eave animated the improvement of hip-jump culture and its age. To start with, the development of another parkway through the core of the Bronx made the working class move, prompting a convergence of poor dark and Hispanic families into this network. Existing together with these poor families wer e wrongdoing, joblessness, and illicit drug use. The subsequent occasion happened in 1968 when the development on a co-pop apartment building close to the interstate was finished. The relocation of the white collar class expanded quickly, and therefore, the Bronx broke down into an area with many ignored and uninhabited structures. The third contributing variable happened when a gathering of seven adolescent young men started to threaten territories of the Bronx. This gathering would later be known as the Black Spades In which Africa Bumboat, a progressive hip-bounce craftsman, was before the pioneer. This event is imperative to review since it established the framework for a heightening in road posse activity.The primary target behind the production of hip-jump was to shape a reaction to the poor expectations for everyday comforts that the young needed to look In Inner hints around the Bronx; It could likewise be seen as an endeavor by the adolescent to guarantee their foundations in an isolated and cruel condition, for example, the Bronx at that point. The entirety of the essential components of the social development were types of craftsmanship that furnish ed people with a medium wherein they could fulfill their wants for expression.For model, the presentation of break moving and formation of spray painting workmanship were first begun as a type of show where every individual could communicate their nearby character. The youthful grown-ups that 1 OFF forces, and every wa related with a specific neighborhood or character (Starr and InterTAN 383). Break moving required the extending of a people body to its radiates. It was mainstream all through New York City and included move moves, for example, The Windmill, The Backspin, and the Floor Lock. As per Henry Rhodes talk, inventiveness and style were the center of break moving and different parts of the Hip Hop subculture. Spray painting was a famous fine art that permitted specialists to show their personalities and neighborhood pride all through all of New York City. Style is one of the most significant perspectives in spray painting composing. One could get regard and acknowledgment by getting ones name around in huge amounts. .. (Rhodes). Most raffia specialists were spurred by the distinction and reputation they would pick up from labeling their names on trams, dividers, and prepares in the city.It is critical to call attention to that the four components of hip-bounce culture were frequently interwoven. Most spray painting specialists were likewise break-artists, Ads, and emcees. This across the board cooperation by the hip-bounce age, as it is frequently called, has demonstrated to be an impetus for the rise of hip-jump into standard. Up until 1979, the year the Sugarbird Gang discharged their famous hit Rappers Delight, hip-jump music was viewed as a nearby wonder. Sugarbird Gang was a team situated in Harlem that named themselves after Sugar Hill Records, a free record name possessed by African Americans. He arrival of Rappers Delight featured hip-bounce musics potential to turn into a business accomplishment inside mainstream society; it was the principal hip-jump melody to hit the best 40 rundown. One of Sugarbird Gangs progressive commitments was their utilization of the word rapper as a proportional for emcee. During this time, more accentuation was made on the DC as opposed to the MAC, however in the long run, tables turned and the rapper turned into the primary fascination. This point in time was basic in the improvement of hip-jump music. It would inevitably prompt what we know as rap music today.

United Nations :: essays papers

Joined Nations The League of Nations currently called the United Nations was established in 1919. The League of Nations was made not long after the main world war so as to forestall further wars. The League of Nations crumbled in 1939. On January 1 of 1942 United Nations was conceived. During WWII, 26 countries joined their powers to keep battling against the Axis Forces. The United Nations Charter was drawn up by agents of 51 countries and marked on June 26, 1945. The United Nations was formally conceived on October 24, 1945 when the Charter was approved by China, USSR, France, UK, USA and numerous different countries. The United Countries has three essential objectives; to accomplish and keep up world harmony, to advance and grow great relations among all countries and to work along with different countries on illuminating financial, social, social and compassionate issues. Numerous different capacities are finished by the UN, they ensure human rights, battle scourges, destitution and starvation, convey help in type of food, clump! hes and medication. They give financial credits to creating nations through the World Bank to assist them with accomplishing their objectives. The UN is made out of six significant branches. General Get together, The Security Council, Economic and Social Council, The Trusteeship Council, The International Court of Justice and the Secretariat. Every ha a particular capacity in the smooth working of the Joined Nations. The significant motivation behind why UN was shaped is to advance and guarantee world harmony. They achieve this by helping countries settle their questions, dissuade clashes and quit battling. The United Nations is an association that is engaged with advancement of world harmony. Numerous conciliatory moves are made by the gathering to put and end to war and outfitted clashes. The UN has an Agenda for Peace which can be isolated into four gatherings. The four gatherings are: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking, Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding. Preventive Diplomacy tires to put and end to a contention by getting the two countries to bargain before the contention gets rough. Peacemaking additionally attempts to determine the contention carefully yet after the session becomes rough. Peacemaking attempts to get the included countries to stop fire. Peacekeeping becomes an integral factor once truce is set up. UN peacekeeping powers come in to ensure that truce is respected also, help to finish up the contention. Harmony building is the last stage thatpromotes harmony and request by raising social structures, governments what's more, legitimate frameworks. Peacemaking and Peacekeeping are two generally significant

Ludwig Van Beethoven and Niccolo Paganini - Free Essay Example

Ludwig Van Beethoven is probably the most famous of all composers, partly because his music represents the transition between the Classical and Romantic periods. He wrote music for piano, orchestra, and solo instruments. Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany in 1770, but spent most of his life in Vienna, Austria. He was a teacher and composer. Beethoven lost his hearing around age 30. However, this tragedy did not stop him from composing. In fact, many of Beethovens greatest works were written after he went deaf. To compose without being able to hear, Beethoven cut off the legs of his piano so he could feel the vibration of the notes through the floor. This way, he composed many impressive songs. One of Beethovens most famous compositions is his Fifth Symphony. It is strikingly powerful with dramatic pauses and dynamics inspired from his anger of losing his hearing. It took four years to compose and was finished in 1808. In the key of C minor, the piece gives off an intense vibe that thrills audiences and makes it a popular song to play. The first movement of the symphony starts off with four famous electrifying notes that sound like blows of fate. The second movement is a lot calmer than the first, as it is andante. However, the second movement still has some grand moments. The third movement then goes back to the fierce energy from the first movement. And finally, the fourth movement, the finale, wraps up the symphony with grand explosiveness, perhaps signifying the defeat or acceptance of the fate (of his ears). Beethoven wrote 32 piano sonatas, five piano concertos, nine symphonies, string quartets, choral music, and an opera. Beethovens works included Classical forms, but he gave them richness and feeling, like the music in the Romantic period. This was how he acted as the bridge between Classical and Romantic periods. Beethovens first composition was written when he was only 12-years-old. It was a set of nine variations for piano on a March by Ernst Christoph Dressler in C minor. It was extremely difficult to play. Beethoven earned his living playing the viola in an orchestra. Beethoven was almost always ill. He suffered from deafness, jaundice, rheumatism, chronic hepatitis, and much more. Beethoven also had many responsibilities. After the death of his mother in 1787, Beethoven was forced to look after his younger brothers. Beethoven drank a lot of alcohol, because his father had been an alcoholic. This caused his liver to have cirrhosis, which was discovered after his death. Beethoven always fell in love with unattainable women so he never married. For example, he fell in love with a Countess named Julie. However, he could not marry her because he was considered a commoner. He wrote 15 passionate and unrequited love letters to her. After writing nine symphonies, Beethoven died and this made other composers afraid to write a ninth symphony. He passed away during a thunderstorm on the March 29, 1827 at the age of 56 in Vienna. Because he was not famous at his time, Beethovens headstone only had a single word on it- Beethoven. Beethoven inspired composers to add more feeling into their music, consequently starting the romantic period. The romantic period included many prominent composers such as Rachmaninoff, Mendelssohn, Saint-Saens, and the great Paganini. Niccolo Paganini was a romantic composer who played the violin, viola, and guitar. He was born in Genoa, Italy. And just like me, his birthday was October 27, except he was born in 1782. Paganini was sometimes called the Devils violinist due to his incredible talent. In fact, Paganini is considered by many to be the greatest violinist of all time. Niccolo Paganini was the third of six children. His parents were Antonio and Teresa Paganini. His father, Antonio, played the mandolin for income. Because of this, Paganini started learning mandolin at the age of five. At the age of seven, he switched to violin, his favorite instrument. Young Paganinis musical talents were quickly recognized, earning him many scholarships for violin lessons. As a child, Paganini first learned violin with local violinists such as Giovanni Servetto and Giacomo Costa, but his ability quickly surpassed theirs. So he studied under Ferdinando Paer and Gasparo Ghiretti, whom influenced his composition style. Paganini possessed many fine string instruments such as a violin made by the master luthier Giuseppe Guarneri. At first, the violin was lent to him by a wealthy businessman named Livron. However, Livron was so impressed by Paganinis playing that he refused to take the violin back. This particular violin came to be known as ll Cannone Guarnerius. Paganini also was a very impactful composer. He composed his own works to play in his concerts, all of which influenced the evolution of violin technique. Paganinis compositions were imaginative and as a result, the tone of the instrument was greatly expanded. For example, a lot of his songs imitated different instruments and animals. However, Paganinis works were criticized for lacking characteristics of true polyphonism. Polyphonism is the combination of a number of separate but harmonizing melodies. Yehudi Menuhin, an American-born 20th century violinist and conductor, suggested that this might have been a product of Paganinis reliance on the guitar as an aid in composition. But all in all, Paganinis style in consistent with other Italian composers such as Rossini and Paisiello, who were also influenced by the guitar. Paganini was also the inspiration for a number of composers like Liszt, Schumann, Brahms, Rachmaninoff and more. Paganinis playing included factors of agility and flexibility in the fingering and bowing. Paganini also was renowned for his use of harmonics and left hand pizzicato in his performances. Paganini had exceptionally long fingers and was capable of playing three octaves across four strings in a hand span, which is remarkable, even by todays standards. This seemingly abnormal ability, however, may have been a result of marfan syndrome. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the bodys connective tissue. The marfan syndrome could have allowed him to spread his fingers farther apart or reach further. Paganini wrote 24 Caprices around 1817 while in the service of the Baciocchi court. His last one, Caprice No. 24 in A minor, is the final caprice. It consists of 11 variations and finale and is widely considered one of the most difficult pieces ever written for the solo violin. It includes many highly advanced techniques such as octaves, rapid shifting, extremely fast scales, arpeggios, minor scales in thirds and tenths, left hand pizzicato, high positions and quick string crossing. Beethoven, the conversion between Classical and Romantic periods, and Paganini, the Devils violinist, both made huge impacts on the music world.

Capital markets Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1393 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Did you like this example? Introduction This paper will examine the capital markets which a source of channel between suppliers and users of capital to gain greater profits. Main purpose of capital markets is to create an environment where the buying and selling of various instruments like equity and debt take place. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s an avenue where savings and investment facilities provide capital from retail and institutional investors and its users of these capital markets are different businesses, government and individuals. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Capital markets Example For Free" essay for you Create order Capital markets are vital to the functioning of an economy, since capital is a critical component for generating economic output. These markets consist of primary markets, where new stock and bond issues are sold to investors, and secondary markets, which trade existing securities. Another way to classify financial markets is by the maturity of the claims. For example, a financial market for short-term financial assets is called the money market, and the one for longer maturity financial assets is called the capital market. The traditional cutoff between short term and long term is one year. That is, a financial asset with a maturity of one year or less is considered short term and therefore part of the money market. A financial asset with a maturity of more than one year is part of the capital market. Thus, the debt market can be divided into debt instruments that are part of the money market, and those that are part of the capital market, depending on the number of years to matu rity. Because equity instruments are generally perpetual, they are classified as part of the capital market. A third way to classify financial markets is by whether the financial claims are newly issued. When an issuer sells a new financial asset to the public, it is said to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“issueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  the financial asset. The market for newly issued financial assets is called the primary market. After a certain period of time, the financial asset is bought and sold among investors. The market where this activity takes place is referred to as the secondary market. One of the company that use capital market practices is Wells Fargo. It is a publicly traded company which was established in March, 1852 by its founders Henry Wells, William G. Fargo, and associates. It started out as resource to monitor its transportation of its money but as the time changed Wells Fargo used that stagecoach image it created as its backbone and a symbol for its marketing strategies. In the fall of 2008, Wachovia bank faced a near collapse of its share price and weakening confidence because of its exposure to troubled mortgage assets. Wachovia Corporation, headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, was incorporated in 1967 and was registered as a financial holding company and a bank holding company. These events marked another shakeup for the troubled U.S. banking sector saddled with heavy losses from the bursting of the real estate bubble. The merger of the former Wachovia Corporation (NYSE:WB) and First Union Corporation was effective Sept. 1, 2001. In October of 2007, Wachovia and A.G. Edwards Sons, Inc. (NYSE:AGE) announced an agreement under which Wachovia would acquire A.G. Edwards, which will be combined with Wachovia Securities, LLC to create a retail brokerage firm with $1.1 trillion in client assets and nearly 15,000 financial advisors. The company indicates that the combined entity has a national footprint of 3,350 brokerage locations, including 1,50 0 retail offices in 50 states and in Washington D.C. Founded in Winston-Salem, N.C. as Wachovia National Bank on June 16, 1879, Wachovia grew to be one of the largest diversified financial services companies in the United States. It traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol WB. Wachovia provided a broad range of retail banking and brokerage, asset and wealth management, and corporate and investment banking products and services to customers through 3,300 retail financial centers in 21 states, along with nationwide retail brokerage, mortgage lending, and auto finance businesses. Globally, Wachovia served clients in corporate and institutional sectors and through more than 40 international offices. Wachovia is acquired In 2008, Wells Fargo Company acquired Wachovia Corporation to create North Americaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s most extensive distribution system for financial services, Wells Fargo provides banking, insurance, investments, mortgage, and consumer and comme rcial finance through more than 9,000 stores, 12,000 ATMs, the Internet, and other distribution channels across North America and internationally. The integration of Wachovia and Wells Fargo is complete, and all Wachovia accounts have been moved to Wells Fargo. Wachovia was burdened by a sagging $122 billion portfolio of option-adjustable-rate mortgages it took on with its purchase of Golden West Financial Corp. in 2006. (Wells Fargo, 2015) Capital markets are consists of the stock and bond markets which are followed on their daily movements and analyzes the economic situation on the world stage as every market in the world is effected by each other. We furthermore, look into the various institutions that operate on capital markets like stock exchanges, commercial banks and different types of corporations, which include non-bank institutions such as insurance companies and mortgage banks. Operating in the capital markets institutions are granted a wide range of access which helps in generating more capital for long-term purposes, for example in a merger or acquisition, to develop a line of business or go into a new business and various other capital projects. Entities that are raising money for these long-term purposes come to one or more capital markets. In the bond market, corporate bonds are used by companies to issue debt. And on the otherhand governments like local or federal issue similar bonds know as government bonds. Since governments are not publicly held so they donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t issue equity. Following the same pattern, companies are able to raise money by issuing equity in the stock market. They are considered as the seller in the market for issued equity or debt. Now, the buyers or investors usually invest in the stocks or bonds of the sellers in the market and then trade in them. There are two types of market entities:- Primary Market- here ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a first time issuer of the securities on the market. Secondary Market- here on the securities are already issued and being traded among different buyers. For sellers, make money off the sale in the primary market is more profitable then equity in the secondary market. Wells Fargo best services its clients by following its vision, of providing financially sound advice to its customers for them to achieve a satisfied and successful venture on the capital market. Their belief that different customers across all business segments can be better served, and save time and money, if they bring all their financial services to one trusted provider that knows them well, provides trusted guidance and advice, and can serve their full range of financial needs through a wide choice of products and services. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s about building lifelong relationships one customer at a time. The impact of Wells Fargo, on its competitors, and the industry are that there is always a need to watch consumer behavior to see how people will spend their money and why they choose a certain bank or lender to help them make the decisions to spend or sav e their money. Banks always have to see what motivates consumers to pick the banks they pick. Technology can play a major role in that decision, so banks always need to find ways to be up to date on technology as well as given that to the public securely. These trends pose opportunities to the banking industry because the more a bank like Wells Fargo can keep up with the trends of society, the more business they will receive. (Frank J. Fabozzi Franco Modigliani, 2009) Conclusion This paper looks at the Wells Fargoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s weaknesses include confusion due to large-scale activity. Being an enormous company it is hard to personally know all individuals within the banking community. They are often the targets of fraud, and counterfeiting due to how large they are. Other weaknesses might include ability to obtain brand loyalty. In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s society, with so many other large scale competing banks, getting brand loyalty from individuals can be compli cated. Many people have accounts in more than one bank, and several individualsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ change from bank to bank depending on offers they are given at different times. References Frank J. Fabozzi Franco Modigliani (2009) Capital marketsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯: institutions and instruments (4th edition). Wells Fargo. (2015). Retrieved from https://www.wellsfargo.com/

Analysis Of Oskar Schindlers Changing Identity - 1732 Words

Part I: Oskar Schindler’s Changing Identity: 1. Oskar Schindler’s identity drastically changes from the beginning to the end of the movie. At first, Schindler was a greedy, selfish, and rich man, who was a member of the Nazi party and profited from the war. He also was a womanizer who constantly cheated on his wife. He only cared about making money and he only hired Jewish workers because they were cheaper. He saved his workers initially because he did not want to pay to train other workers and protected them since he believed that their welfare impacted his business. He saw Jewish people differently than other Germans, he saw them as workers, and he inadvertently developed a reputation for kindness. He did not do this at first to be a†¦show more content†¦He witnessed the terrible treatment the Jews faced, yet did nothing to stop it. He was most clearly a bystander when he watched the liquidation of the ghettos on top of a hill. However, that was a moment that changed Schindler after seeing the girl in the red coat and realizing that he had to save the people. He slowly became an upstander in the labor camp as he saved many people by bringing them to his factory where they were safer. He treated his workers well and began to see them as people and care about them. He got his own sub-camp in order to protect them more and spent his entire fortune to save as many people as he could. His workers viewed him as a hero and he was most visibly an upstander when he led his workers to safety to his factory away from the labor camp. At his own factory, he banned the guards from harming any Jews and it was a safe haven for them. He risked everything to save the woman and children who were accidentally redirected to Auschwitz. He bribed and cheated at first to get what he wanted, but then he did it to save as many Jews as possible. An upstander is someone who does something to stop and prevent acts of injustice when witnessing it. This his was his transformation from bystander and perpetrator, to ups tander and saving his Schindler Jews. Part II: Bystanders, Perpetrators, Upstanders, Victims 3. In the movie

Consent for Disclosure of Procedural Risks- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theConsent for Disclosure of Procedural Risks. Answer: The term Consent means agreement to perform something (Douglas, 2012). In a healthcare organization, obtaining valid consent before subjecting a person to medical examination, treatment, or procedure is an important legal as well as ethical principle. Obtaining consent is a legal duty of the healthcare personnels (CHFA, 2013). Consent which is vital in healthcare has varied types: 1.) Informed consent: involves obtaining agreement from patients and/or carers to undergo certain procedure. Ex: surgical and/or invasive procedures with complete disclosure of procedural-risks, benefits, alternative-methods with consequences if refused (DH, 2014). 2). Implied consent: involves consent that isnt explicitly given by a person but is understood from his/her actions. Ex: While checking blood pressure, if the patient touches his/her arm and shows willingness, it is considered as implied consent. 3). Verbal consent: involves a persons clear statement of his/her agreement to procedure/treatment. Ex: A person stating you can put a catheter (DH, 2014). Consent which is a component of the National- Safety Quality Healthcare Service (Standard-1), serves to minimize the patient harm and promote the healthcare quality in Australia (ACSQHC, 2012). While caring patients, nurses should understand that consent represents a persons moral right (ethical), agreement (legal) and conversation for procedure (practical) to enhance patient safety. Reference ACSQHC- Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. (2012). Safety and Quality Improvement Guide Standard 1: Governance for Safety and Quality in Health Service Organization. Sydney: Commonwealth of Australia CHFA- Consumers Health Forum of Australia. (2013). Informed Consent in Healthcare: An Issues Paper. Retrieved from https://www.chf.org.au/pdfs/chf/Informed-Consent-Issues-Paper.pdf Department of Health- DH. (2014). Standard 1: Governance for Safety and Quality in Health Service Organisations: Quality and Rural Health, Victorian Government. Retrieved from https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/.../%7B66241E62-A6D5-471F-B193-8BACCD4E864.. Douglas, C. (2012). Potter and Perrys Fundamentals of Nursing- Australian version. (4th edition). Elsevier: St. Louis, Missouri

The Devil and Tom Walker free essay sample

Satire is used by many famous writers to create humor and to criticize people’s unwise, and senseless actions. As George Orwell once said, All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others. (Orwell, 1945). People will always be greedy and think they are smarter than others but this is untrue. The one who thinks he is smarter or better than the other will always end up losing in life. In the short story â€Å"The Devil and Tom Walker† by Washington Irving, satire is incorporated in a perfect way. This story is about Tom Walker, who makes a pact with the devil, and ends up lending money at high interest rates. When Tom Walker thinks he is smarter than his customers and does not give more time to one of his customers to pay him back, Tom’s life ends in an instant. Through the use of satire Irving criticizes the institution of marriage and the folly of human nature. We will write a custom essay sample on The Devil and Tom Walker or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Irving criticizes the institution of marriage in many ways throughout the story. He introduces Tom to the story by pointing out the following: â€Å"He had a wife as miserly as himself; they were so miserly that they even conspired to cheat each other.† In this quote Irving substantiates that marriage will lead one to temptation, and that many people that think are happy with their partner will always look for other partners during marriage. Another example of Irving’s use of satire to criticize marriage is when he writes, â€Å"Whatever the woman could lay hands on she hid away: a hen could not crackle but she was on the alert to secure the new-laid egg.† Irving is stating that marriage will make one selfish with one’s partner. He is trying to show that it is better to own things individually, because when someone commits to marriage, one is also agreeing to have common property with one’s wife/husband. Irving mocks how marriage instead of making one share everything will actually make one even more selfish. This selfishness will lead to problems in one’s married life. Another quote that shows Irving’s criticism to marriage is â€Å"Her voice was often hear in wordy warfare with her husband; and his face sometimes showed signs that their conflicts were not confined to words.† This quote illustrates how marriage can lead to violence, and fights can lead to divorce. This is why the reader can infer that Irving does not believe that marriage is the sacred institution it is proclaimed to be. Moreover, Irving is also a master at creating dark humor: â€Å"Tom consoles himself for the loss of his property with the loss of his wife; for he was a man of fortitude. He felt something like gratitude towards the black woodsman, who he considered had done him a kindness.† This quote is comic because one would think that Tom would be really sad after his wife’s death, but he is sad because his property i s missing, and consoles himself with her death. It is ironic that Tom would be happy for the loss of his wife. Clearly, Washington Irving uses satire throughout the story to criticize the imperfect institution of marriage. Irving not only uses satire to criticize the institution of marriage, but also uses satire to criticize the folly of human nature. The following quote, â€Å"All her avarice was awakened at the mention of hidden gold, and she urged her husband to comply with the black man’s terms and secure what would make them wealthy for life† shows how humans are always greedy and the only thing they care about is money and wealth. Tom’s wife does not even think about the offer and what troubles it could bring her. She only wants the gold, but she does not even know what she is getting into. Another example of Irving’s criticism is when he says, â€Å"He thought with regret on the bargain he had made with his black friend, and set his wits to work to cheat him out of the conditions. He became, therefore, all of a sudden, a violent churchgoer. He prayed loudly and strenuously as if heaven were to be taken by force of lungs.† Irving says this because he is trying to show how people are complete hypocrites when they are trying to hide the evil actions they have incurred in. Evidently, satire is being used to show human duplicity. Although he is going to church, and he might seem as a good Samaritan, inside he is full of evil. A third way Irving criticizes the folly of human kind is in the following quote, â€Å"In this way he made money hand over hand; became a rich and mighty man, and exalted his cocked hat upon change. He built himself, as usual, a vast house, out of ostentation; but left the greater part of it unfinished and unfurnished out of parsimony. He even set up a carriage in the fullness of his vain glory, though he nearly starved the horses which drew it.† Irving portrays a very important message through this quote. Essentially, Irving is highlighting the fact that even though Tom has enough money to feed his horses, he prefers to starve them because he is too avaricious. Irving is transmitting the message that the folly of human nature many times has to do with greed and selfishness. Evidently Irving is trying to criticize human vices through this short story. To conclude, Irving does a splendid job of connecting marriage and the folly of human nature with hypocrisy, greed, and ambition. The author delivers a very important message through his use of satire, and makes the reader realize that marriage is not a noble â€Å"problem-free† institution, and that the folly of human nature can lead to one’s downfall. The dark humor that the author integrates in the short story enriches his strong criticism to these topics.